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SMALL RINGS

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Three- and four-membered rings are often very reactive due to their ring tension. The ring tension arises due to the spatial proximity of the atoms in the ring and means that these rings can break open or react more easily than larger rings.

Three- and four-membered rings can be stabilised by substituents. These substituents can reduce steric hindrance or introduce electronic effects that reduce the ring tension.

Three-membered rings (trigons):

Tripartite rings are particularly reactive and unstable due to the high ring tension created by the narrow angle between the bonds.

They are often referred to as "small rings" and are of particular interest in organic chemistry due to their unique chemical properties.

Examples of three-membered rings are cyclopropane and epoxides (oxiranes).

Four-membered rings (tetragons):

Four-membered rings are more stable compared to three-membered rings, but are still quite reactive due to ring strain.

They are also known as "small rings" and are used in various organic syntheses and reactions.

#	art.-no.	title	Mol. formula	CAS
1.	ST00318/01	cis-Cyclobutane-1,2-dicarbonitrile	C6H6N2	3211-19-6
2.	ST00318/02	trans-Cyclobutane-1,2-dicarbonitrile	C6H6N2	3211-20-9
3.	ST00320	Ethyl cyclobutylcarbocylic acid	C7H12O2	14924-53-9
4.	ST00323	Cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid diethylester	C10H16O4	3779-29-1
5.	ST00525	trans-1,2-Bis(aminomethyl)cyclobutane	C6H14N2	1731-23-3
6.	ST00535	trans-Cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid	C6H8O4	1124-13-6
7.	ST00537	1,2-Diphenylcyclopropen-3-one	C15H10O	886-38-4
8.	ST00567	2-Cyclopropylpropane-2-ol	C6H12O	930-39-2
9.	ST00576	Cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride	C6H6O3	4462-96-8
10.	ST00631	trans-Dimethyl cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylate	C8H12O4	3396-20-1
11.	ST00710	Cyclobutane carboxylic acid	C5H8O2	3721-95-7
12.	ST00756	Aminocyclopropane	C3H7N	765-30-0
13.	ST01331	3,4-Dihydroxy-3-cyclobuten-1,2-dion	C4H2O4	2892-51-5
14.	ST01397	Dicyclopropyl-(4-methylphenyl)methanol	C14H18O	71172-47-9
15.	ST01688	Dicyclopropylketone	C7H10O	1121-37-5
16.	ST01899	Cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid	C6H8O4	5445-51-2
17.	ST02181	Cyclobutanone, stab. with 0.1% BHT	C4H6O	1191-95-3
18.	ST02190	Cyclopropylmethanol	C4H8O	2516-33-8
19.	ST02463	1-Aminocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid hydrochloride	C5H10ClNO2	98071-16-0
20.	ST02690	1,1-Dicyclopropyl-ethanol	C8H14O	18895-50-6
21.	ST02713	Cyclopropyl methyl ketone	C5H8O	765-43-5
22.	ST02758	Cyclobutylamine	C4H9N	2516-34-9
23.	ST02829	Cyclobutanol	C4H8O	2919-23-5
24.	ST02859	trans-Diethyl cyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxylate	C9H14O4	3999-55-1
25.	ST03167	Cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride	C8H4O6	4415-87-6
26.	ST03192	Cyclobut-1-ene-1,2-dicarbonitrile	C6H4N2	3716-97-0
27.	ST03347	cis-Dimethyl cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylate	C8H12O4	2607-03-6
28.	ST03844	N-Methylcyclobutylamine	C5H11N	34066-62-1
29.	ST03955	spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid	C9H12O4	3057-91-8
30.	ST04067	3,3-Dimethyl-cyclobutanecarboxylic acid	C7H12O2	34970-18-8
31.	ST04069	spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester	C10H14O4	10481-25-1
32.	ST04268	3-Methylene-cyclobutanemethanamine	C6H11N	16333-93-0
33.	ST04582	1-Hydroxy-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid	C4H6O3	17994-25-1
34.	ST05088	Bis-(2,3-epoxypropyl)ether	C6H10O3	2238-07-5
35.	ST06213	3-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclobutanone	C10H9ClO	152714-07-3